LeetCode-13-RomanToInteger

本文最后更新于:a year ago

题目

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I , V , X , L , C , D and M .

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Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII , which is simply X + II . The number twenty seven is written as XXVII , which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII . Instead, the number four is written as IV . Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX . There are six instances where subtraction is used:
     ● I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
     ● X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
     ● C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.


Example1
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Input: "III"
Output: 3

Example2

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Input: "IV"
Output: 4

Example3

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Input: "IX"
Output: 9

Example4

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Input: "LVIII"
Output: 58
Explanation: L = 50, V= 5, III = 3.

Example5

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Input: "MCMXCIV"
Output: 1994
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

题目大意

罗马数字包含以下七种字符: I, V, X, L,C,D 和 M。

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字符          数值
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000

例如, 罗马数字 2 写做 II ,即为两个并列的 1。12 写做 XII ,即为 X + II 。 27 写做 XXVII, 即为 XX + V + II 。

通常情况下,罗马数字中小的数字在大的数字的右边。但也存在特例,例如 4 不写做 IIII,而是 IV。数字 1 在数字 5 的左边,所表示的数等于大数 5 减小数 1 得到的数值 4 。同样地,数字 9 表示为 IX。这个特殊的规则只适用于以下六种情况:
     ● I 可以放在 V (5) 和 X (10) 的左边,来表示 4 和 9。
     ● X 可以放在 L (50) 和 C (100) 的左边,来表示 40 和 90。
     ● C 可以放在 D (500) 和 M (1000) 的左边,来表示 400 和 900。
给定一个罗马数字,将其转换成整数。输入确保在 1 到 3999 的范围内

解题思路

     ● 给定一个罗马数字,将其转换成整数。输入确保在1到3999的范围内。
     ● 简单题。按照题目中罗马数字的字符数值,计算出对应罗马数字的十进制数即可。

代码

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package leetcode;

public class D13_RomanToInteger {

public static int romanToInt(String s) {
int sum = 0;
int preNum = getValue(s.charAt(0));
for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++) {
int num = getValue(s.charAt(i));
if(preNum < num) {
sum -= preNum;
} else {
sum += preNum;
}
preNum = num;
}
sum += preNum;
return sum;
}

public static int getValue(char ch) {
switch(ch) {
case 'I': return 1;
case 'V': return 5;
case 'X': return 10;
case 'L': return 50;
case 'C': return 100;
case 'D': return 500;
case 'M': return 1000;
default: return 0;
}
}

}

复杂度分析

* 时间复杂度:O(N)
* 空间复杂度:O(1)